The Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) And Made It A Law

On March 23, 2010 former president, Barack Obama, signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and made it a law. As many of us know, there are minimal issues with Obama Care, but the question to be posed would be, ‘are there enough systematic errors for it to be repealed?’ Obama did promise that if you agreed with the plan, you could keep it. Of course, there is always room for improvement, and Obama care is not an obstacle nor a negative force towards anything or anyone. There is no reason the ACA should not be diverted or limited in any way. There are pros and cons to everything, but regarding this situation, it is seen to have more pros. The ACA (Obama Care) has made many alterations since it has been in effect. Due to the inadequate reasoning†¦show more content†¦There are flaws within nearly every aspect of the government, although this is not a major issue that should be addressed to the extent that it is. This has to be a realization that the reason the ACA (Oba ma Care) was created was to eliminate the long term effects of budget issues that can and will arise in the near future. It was a real hassle getting it passed because no republicans were for the proposal of Obamacare in the beginning. The general family has children and those children are placed under their parents’ insurance. â€Å"Statistics show how the affordable act affects young adults between the ages of 19-26. By the year of 2012, Millions of uninsured young children were added† (Jonathan Oberlander, 2008). Some young adults seem as if they have less job stability compared to the older workers. These individuals were among the surplus of those who would not want to repeal the ACA (Obama Care). In the creation of the ACA is has increased the profit for insurance companies. Members could get more premiums from other health sources, such as department of health services, but some are not beneficial in the long run. Most will end up having to pay the debt off othe r tax payers which are making it affordable for others to have the current insurance that is available to them now, considering that this is indefinite reasoning. Having children under parents’ insurance could very wellShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as ObamaCare, is a United States law that was signed by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012. This Act was set to reform both healthcare and health insurance industries in the United States. It aims to lower cost on coverage, add new benefits, and a few new taxes. Increasing the quality, availability, and affordability of private and public health insurance are very important roles of the ACA. While tryingRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Affordable Care Act â€Å"Obama Care† made the Health Care System in the United St ates better or worse? Please provide evidence, statistics, information, argument to support your answer. In your answer, please address the following issues in the Health Care System of the United States: 1. The Quality of health care 2. The Access to health care 3. The affordability of health care Affordable Health Care Act Affordable Health care has been an ongoingRead MoreAffordable Health Care : Provide And Protect1026 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable Health Care: Provide and Protect! As Americans, do we not have the right to provide and protect our families? The Declaration of Independence guarantees us the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 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That said, the following research paper attempts to summarize how this massive piece of legislation has effected healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of The Affordable Care Act1629 Words   |  7 PagesStrengths and Weaknesses of the Affordable Care Act What is the Affordable Care Act? The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law on March 23rd, 2010 by President Barack Obama. This radical health care law was a much-needed step in comprehensive health insurance reform. Three important features of the Affordable Care Act are 1. Improving quality and lowering health care costs 2. New consumer protections and 3. Increased access to healthcare. (Key Features. 2014). Under the umbrella of theseRead MoreFurthermore, Reproductive Rights Cannot Be Discussed Without1698 Words   |  7 PagesAmendment, as previously stated). Moving forward to 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama, also referred to as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and nicknamed Obamacare. Under the ACA, there was an increase of people who had health insurance from about twenty to twenty-four million more insured people, health insurance became more affordable, and of higher quality, despite any pre-existing conditions one might have and despiteRead MoreWhite House Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to White House Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Issues On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), known to everyone as the new and improved Health Care Reform. The new law was designed to make sure that consumers and their doctors, were in charge of their health care rather than insurance companies. The changes made in Health Care Reform laws by subsequent legislation implemented significant changes thatRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Or Obamacare?1655 Words   |  7 Pages The Pros and Cons of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare? Who Benefits and Who gets Hurt? Chanokporn Srisuwan, Student MBAA 605 Business, Government, and Society Mercy College School of Business- MBA Program August 04, 2016 Abstract The propose of this article is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare which make all Americans insurable, by requiring insurers to accept all applicants at rates based onRead MoreTopics For Health Care Essay849 Words   |  4 Pageshealth care administration, or health informatics). I elected to focus my paper on the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and whether the implementation of this bill has helped combat the rising price of pharmaceutical drugs. This paper will also investigate the history of the ACA, the result that this law has made within the health care industry, as well as its recommended solutions. History of the ACA The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is generally known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and evenRead MoreHealthcare Crisis And Affordable Care Act1317 Words   |  6 PagesHealthcare Crisis Affordable Care Act During the 2008 presidential election, the issue of health care reform became a pressing issue, mainly among the Democrats. Supporters quoted that nearly 46 million Americans were uninsured while 25 million did not have sufficient health coverage. The costly monthly insurance premiums led countless individuals to fully rely on government entitled programs for their health care needs. Upon his election, President Obama made health care reform the focus of

The Laws Of Physics Make You Choose This Question

This essay will attempt to explain whether a person chooses this question using either free will or determinism or possibly even both. It will try to demonstrate this by referring to key arguments from various philosophers and identifying both the weaknesses and strengths of the arguments used. It is no doubt that those who agree with the statement, â€Å"the laws of physics make you choose this question†, are supporters of determinism. The theory of determinism, is a philosophical concept which aims to prove that every event including every human action and decision are inevitable to bring about a determined outcome. In order for determinism to work, it must involve the following two factors: how things were at the previous moment along†¦show more content†¦This is because all of his desires, beliefs and even his character is determined and thus, Taylor concludes, determinism is â€Å"inconsistent† with â€Å"some conceptions of morals† (Richard Taylor, 1992 pg 38). This claim can be challenged as many argue that although every action is determined ,as humans, we should still be responsible for the character we posses. In addition, if everything physical is subject to the laws of physics, then there are no choices thus free will cannot exist and those that believe in free will, believe in the illusion that is choice. The idea that free will is an illusion, is popular amongst many philosophers including Sam Harris who expressed in his book the Moral Landscape :â€Å" we do not feel as free as we think we feel,our sense of our own freedom results from our not paying attention to what it is actually like to be what we are†. ( Sam Harris,The illusion of free will 2011).In some ways, it seems that Harris is suggesting that those who believe in free will are doing so in ignorance, as they have no interest in looking for what he deems to be the truth, which is determinism. An alternative view for why we may choose this question, can be found in the philosophical idea of fatalism. It is often the case that fatalism and determinism are seen as the same concept and ,in some ways, they are similar as they both agree that humans

The Collapse of Ronan Point Free Essays

string(119) " level 18 failed and this placed excessive pressure on the lower floors, until it ultimately collapse to ground level\." Introduction The purpose of this paper is to consider the perceived failures associated with the famous collapse of Ronan Point on 16 May, 1968. Following a gas explosion, an entire corner of the 22 storey tower block in East London collapsed, killing 4 people and injuring 17. In order to analyse the failures that occurred, the paper will firstly look at the history of the building, its design and construction, before looking at the collapse itself and the perceived failures that were identified after the event. We will write a custom essay sample on The Collapse of Ronan Point or any similar topic only for you Order Now The building was named after the chairman of the housing committee of the relevant London Borough, Newham, and was one of many tower blocks built during the 1960s in a budget-driven and affordable way to deal with the growing demand for affordable housing in the region (Levy and Salvadori 1992). The very ethos of this affordable housing and the use of cheaper materials and cheaper construction approaches is arguably one of the first and fundamental contributory factors to the disaster (Griffiths et al 1968). Design and Construction The actual design and construction of the building was mooted as far back as the end of World War II, when much of the housing available in the London region was destroyed as a result of the war and there was a rapid demand for a large amount of housing. Other factors such as a lack of skilled labourers, as well as the changing housing policy which enabled multi-stories to be established, created a demand for the design and construction of buildings such as the one in question here. A prefabricated construction technique was used which involved the creation of much of the high-rise building which was then transported to the area for final construction (Cagley, 2003). The actual construction approach that was used here was that of the Larsen-Nielsen system which was composed of factory-built, precast concrete components designed to minimise on-site construction work. Walls, floors and stairways are all precast. â€Å"All units, installed one-story high are load bearing† (ENR, 1968 at p.54). Although this system was tried and tested, the approach was not designed to be used in a building of more than 6 storeys high. However, the building of this tower block was 22 storeys high and there was no recognition, at the construction phase, that this could potentially jeopardise the validity of the construction technique. The basic construction approach involved a precast concrete structure frame, with each floor of the multi-storey building being supported by the load-bearing walls directly beneath each other, floor upon floor (Bignell et al 1977). Collapse The collapse itself happened at 5:45 am in the morning when the tenant of one of the apartments on the 18th floor lit a match, unbeknownst that there had been a gas leak overnight. By lighting the match, an explosion took place and this ended up damaging the load-bearing wall which was present on the 18th floor and was acting as the only support for the corner of the 19th floor. When the corner of the 19th floor collapsed, this had the effect of the 20th floor collapsing. Once the floors above had already collapsed the pressure on the floors became unbearable and the domino effect continued downward, destroying the entire corner of the building (Delatte, 2009). The way in which the collapse took place meant that, essentially, it destroyed a portion of the living room all the way down the building, but left the bedrooms intact in most cases, with the exception of floors 17 to 22 the room which were in the immediate vicinity of the explosion. It was on these floors that all of the fata lities happened and due to the fact that the explosion had taken place early in the morning, the majority of the individuals who were in their bedrooms were unaffected (Delatte, 2009). Perceived Failures When looking at the perceived failures and causes of failure, it can be seen that the analysis is largely split into two distinct areas: first, considering the immediate cause of failure; the second looking at the fundamental flaws in the design and construction of the building that allowed such a dramatic reaction to the immediate event (Griffiths et al 1968). The actual investigation into the event which took place involved a government panel which was formed in order to look at the causes of failure and to consider whether or not there were other buildings which potentially could suffer from a similar eventuality, in the future. As stated previously, the construction approach taken for Ronan Point was replicated in many other buildings, with eight other exact replicas in occupation. Therefore, establishing the reason for the collapse is crucially important (Pearson and Delatte, 2003) One of the key factors that took contributed in the immediate event itself was found to be a substandard connection used in order to connect the gas stove in the relevant apartment. Whilst this meant that the gas leak had presented itself in a way that would not have been likely, had they used a different connection, as well as having the incorrect connection, it was found that over tightening had occurred during installation. This probably weakened the connection and allowed gas to leak out. Despite this, the evidence gathered suggested that the explosion itself was not substantial, as there was no permanent damage to the hearing of the individual in the apartment. This suggests that relatively little pressure was involved, although there was sufficient pressure to move the external walls of the building and to create a progressive collapse within the building (Levy and Salvadori, 1992). Broadly speaking, the progressive collapse is thought to have occurred due to the fact that there was a lack of alternate load paths available and there was no support for the structural frame available on the higher floors (Wearne, 2000). This meant that when there was an explosion on level 18, this took out the only support so that the floors above level 18 failed and this placed excessive pressure on the lower floors, until it ultimately collapse to ground level. You read "The Collapse of Ronan Point" in category "Essay examples" Perceived failures, can be split into two distinct categories, the first being the cause of the explosion itself; the second looking at the repercussions of the explosion, which were extensive, given the magnitude of the explosion, which was relatively low. Procedure and Project Management Unsurprisingly, as a result of the collapse here, building codes, guidelines and regulations were advised not only in the United Kingdom, but across the globe. The building regulations, changed in 1970, state that any building with more than four storeys needs to have a design structure in place that would resist a progressive collapse of this nature (Pearson and Delatte, 2005, pp. 175). Apart from the construction mechanisms themselves, there were also concerns that failures had occurred in the project management, as well as failures to check procedures. The gaps between the floors and in the walls meant that the building had not been established in a way that was part of the original design and planning. In addition to the actual failure in the design of the property, concerns were also raised in the report in relation to the need for quality control of the construction processes taking place. For example, it was proven that during the construction, certain design factors had been ignored, with unfilled gaps between the floors and walls, throughout the premises, which meant that the building had little in the way of separation between the flats. Furthermore, in high rise buildings of this type, a relatively narrow staircase is acceptable, as there is thought to be enough fire protection between the floors. In the absence of this fire protection, narrow staircases w ould be unacceptable, in the event of a fire or explosion of this nature. Key Failures The analysis above indicates that there are several failures which together created the dramatic collapse at Ronan Point. These are: social pressures on the construction company to establish a large amount of housing accommodation, rapidly and cheaply; the use of constructions not aimed at high storey buildings of this nature; failures to put in place methods whereby there was no secondary support structure in place, in the event of a failure with any of the load-bearing walls; failures with the processes being followed, which resulted in the wrong processes being followed in the connection of the gas pipes, as well as other omissions during the construction process, with the failure to follow the design provided. It can be seen, that the project management would have, at least in part, dealt with many of these failures and would have either prevented the explosion, in the first place, or would have seriously reduced the impact of the explosion, once it did take place. The crucial factor in this analysis is that the explosion itself was relatively minor, yet the repercussions were large and it is this chain of events that requires attention when it comes to better project management, in the future. Recommendations for Better Project Management Certain failures took place at the design phase, when the design construction of the premises was selected, yet was not entirely suitable for a 22 storey building. This was arguably the first and crucial failure which could have been avoided with further research into the limitations of this design. However, the main focus of the recommendations presented here is in relation to the project management process, from the point at which the design was presented for the construction, to the point at which the building was completed (Pearson and Delatte, 2005). At the outset, when the project team came together, there was an opportunity to run scenarios and to check the validity of the chosen construction, given the design that were being presented and the need to establish a 22 storey building. By running these types of scenarios, it is likely that it would become apparent that the chosen construction design was simply inappropriate. Even without this element of the project management being undertaken and risk assessments being carried out, the next stage of the project management should have involved a strong quality control check for every aspect of the work. The fundamental design of the building was proven to be flawed; however, there were also errors during the actual construction phase, for example the use of the wrong connections when it came to the gas pipes installed. Although this, in itself, did not lead to the catastrophic collapse of part of the building, it did create a minor gas explosion which started the chain of events. Quality control processes at every phase of construction and fitting would have potentially prevented the chain of events from emerging, in the first place (Shepherd and Frost, 1995). Next Steps and Conclusions Bearing this in mind, there are several proposed changes and next steps which could be taken to prevent a similar failure happening in the future. Firstly, although the design used was accepted during this era, it was known that it would simply not be appropriate for the type of building which was being planned. This should have been noted, at the outset, with additional safety structures then planed so as to prevent this type of progressive collapse from taking place. Secondly, worst-case scenarios should be run, at the outset, to enable the project managers to ascertain whether any weaknesses existed. Moreover, although the rest of collapse in this case resulted in the building being destroyed, it was also not able to withstand strong winds and this also, ultimately, could have resulted in the building becoming uninhabitable. By running scenarios, such as high winds or explosion, these issues would have been highlighted and changes in the design could have been incorporated, from the outset (Pearson and Delatte 2003). Finally, quality control during the construction process was also not suitable. This should have been done with much greater consistency, to ensure that the smaller processes, such as the fitting of connections, was carried out to an appropriate standard, thus preventing the minor incident that ultimately led to the overall disaster. By following these clear project management approaches and ensuring that an individual was put in place, in order to manage quality and control, as well as any variables in this area, the collapse of the building could have been avoided, or at least the cause of the collapse mitigated against, so as not to cause loss of life and injury. References Bignell, V., Peters, J., and Pym, C. (1977). Catastrophic failures. Open University Press, Milton Keynes, New York. Cagley, J. R. (2003, April). The design professional’s concerns regarding progressive collapse design. Building Sciences, 27, 4-6. Delatte, N. J. (2009). Beyond failure: Forensic case studies for civil engineers. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, Virginia, 97-106. Engineering News Record (ENR). (1968). â€Å"Systems built apartment collapse.† ENR, May 23, 1968, 54. Griffiths, H., Pugsley, A. G., and Saunders, O. (1968). Report of the inquiry into the collapse of flats at Ronan Point, Canning Town. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. Levy, M., and Salvadori, M. (1992). Why buildings fall down: How structures fail. W.W. Norton, New York, 76-83. Pearson, C., and Delatte, N. (2003). Lessons from the Progressive Collapse of the Ronan Point Apartment Tower. In Forensic Engineering, Proceedings of the Third Congress, edited by Paul A. Bosela, Norbert J. Dellate, and Kevin L. Rens, ASCE, Reston, VA., pp. 190-200. Pearson, C.,and Delatte, N. J. (2005) Ronan Point Apartment Tower Collapse and Its Effect on Building Codes. J. Perf. of Constr. Fac., 19(2), 172-177. Shepherd, R., and Frost, J. D. (1995). Failures in Civil Engineering: Structural, Foundation, and Geoenvironmental Case Studies, ASCE, New York. Wearne, P. (2000). Collapse: When Buildings Fall Down, TV Books, L.L.C., New York, 137-156. How to cite The Collapse of Ronan Point, Essay examples

Memorandum Civil Legal Aid System Ireland

Question: Discuss about the Memorandumfor Civil Legal Aid System Ireland. Answer: Memorandum To: Mr. Dan (Client) From: Lawyer Date: January 12, 2017 File no: 200045-3 Re: Civil legal Aid System in Ireland for playing of loud music by the neighbors causing annoyance to Mr.Dan. Facts : An individual is seeking advice while taking action in a civil litigation matter against his neighbors who played loud music and cause nuisance all night causing disturbance to others. Our client is Mr. Dan who is seeking legal aid against his neighbors who created nuisance playing loud music all night. Mr. Dan, our client is the originator of the lawsuit, plaintiff. Issue: Mr. Dan wants to file a civil litigation matter as against his neighbours for playing loud music all night and creating a nuisance. What are the legal aid services available to him? Discussion: Lawsuit is taken in action in case where there is a nuisance. Action is taken under law of nuisance. Lawsuits, which invoke law of nuisance, involve neighbors suing their neighbors for creating a nuisance, which causes harm or disturbance to the neighbors. When the plaintiff brings a n action against his neighbor he clearly clarifies that the neighbor should stop interfering with his enjoyment and thus the action must be stopped. Nuisance is categorized under two heads: private nuisance and public nuisance.[1] In our case, it is a public nuisance, which caused disturbance to Mr. Dan. Public nuisance is anything that causes damage to the health, welfare, safety and comfort of the public.[2] The main regulation that deals with noise pollution comes under the Environmental Protection Ac t, 1992(EPA).[3] There are vast variances of noise pollution in Ireland and which the EPA regulates. Under the law, noise pollution means various things, like noise: which is regarded to be a nuisance, that causes a damage to the property, causes harm to human health, affects the comfort of the public in general, which harms the environment. The Department of the Environmental, Community and Local Government in 1994 looked into the matter of noise pollution and made regulations under the EPA, 1992( Noise) Regulations 1994.[4] Under these regulations, a person can make a complaint to a District Court seeking Order to deal with noise, which causes disturbance or annoyance to him. Under the second stage debate in Dail, a Private Members Bill was passed on November 2006, which clearly states the noise, which causes disturbance, or annoyance to neighbors is regarded to be anti-social kind of noise pollution.[5] Section 108 of the EPA, 1992 states that noise that is so loud as to create disturbance or continuing annoyance to the neighbors is classified as nuisance and an action can be brought against it. Ireland does not set out the maximum level of noise in its legislation. The complaints looked into by the District Court. The District Court hears both the sides and then gives his decision telling the person creating the nuis ance to lower the sound to certain level.[6] As mentioned under the law when a a complaint brought against the neighbor is unsuccessful then the case is brought to the District Court. The Clerk in the District Court advices how to make a complaint in relation to noise. The clerk provides an application form called a Notice of Intention to make a complaint. The applicable charge is 22, which is served to the neighbor.[7] In the case of Kennaway v Thompson[1981] QB 88Court of Appeal , the defendant in this case is a member of the Cotswold Motor Boat Racing Club who carried out motor boat racing. Since 1960s the boat racing took place.[8] The claimant moved into house built on a land, which is 390 yards from the motor racing clubs starting line. The clubs water was often used for national and international races, which increased over the period. The claimant bought an action against the club against nuisance of noise and disturbance caused by the club. The claimant was successful in her claims and awarded damages by the Court from the Motor Racing club. However, the judge refused to give injunction.[9] Christie v Davey(1893) 1 Ch 316, the claimant in this case was a music teacher who gave private lessons of music at her home. She also taught music to her family members and loved playing loud music. She stayed in a semi-attached house with the defendant. The defendant raised a complaint against the claimant for noise on many occasions and banged the walls of the claimant. The defendants action regarded as malice by the Court and did not amount to nuisance. The Court gave injunction to stop the acts of the defendant.[10] In Murdoch Murdoch v Glacier Metal Company Limited [1998] Env.L.R.732 it was held by the Court of Appeal that noise which is set up by the World Health Organization does not amount to actionable nuisance per se. It was not really the case that there was a customary law annoyance if rest in a house in a zone of blended uses was exasperates by clamor. In spite of the fact that the topic of rest unsettling influence was a critical matter to consider, it was important to consider the general circumstance.[11] In considering the measures of the normal individual and the character of the area when choosing whether the clamor was adequately genuine to add up to an aggravation, the trial judge had connected the correct test. The absence of objections by other nearby occupants, the nearness of a by-go in closeness to Murdoch home and proof from the neighborhood natural wellbeing officer that there was no statutory annoyance were applicable contemplations, and the judges choice would in this way be maintained.[12] Application: Public nuisance under the Act is defined as a nuisance, which cause unreasonable discomfort to the public in general. An act, which affects the well-being of the neighbors, regarded to be as nuisance. Under Section 108 of the EPA, 1992 defines the term public nuisance. The main elements has to public nuisance are; unreasonableness harm caused by the defendant, continuing the act of the nuisance over a period. Under Section 108 of the EPA, 1992 a noise that is loud enough to cause continuous and repeated harm or disturbance, or annoyance to a person who is residing in the nearby locality or to a person who uses the public place, such person or Agency can make a complaint against the person creating the nuisance.[13] The complaint is made to the District Court and the Court then can pass an order as against the person causing the nuisance to take measures to reduce the noise to a certain level. Such person must comply with such order. In order to overcome the damages the d efendant has to prove good defense that the noise he made wasnt unreasonable and he took enough care to cause any harm to the neighborhood. Remedies include damages and injunction to continue with such act and comply with the order of the Court. Public nuisance is termed as anything that causes harm to the safety, health and welfare of the public in general. When the rules laid down under the law is applied in the case of Mr. Dan, the client we see that he has faced reasonable harm by his neighbors while they played loud music in their premises.[14]The loud music played by his neighbors caused annoyance and nuisance, which affected the well-being and comfort of Mr.Dan. Again in the case of Kennaway v Thompson[1981] QB 88Court of Appeal the court held that the motor racing club is liable to pay damages for the noise caused by them in the nearby neighborhood. The noise caused by the motor racing club caused reasonable annoyance to the claimant. The claimant was liable to damages but i njunction was not put on the motor racing club. When we apply the scenario of this case in the case of Mr.Dan we can say that Mr.Dan is liable to get damages for the nuisance caused to him by the neighbors.[15] In the Christie v Daveythe claimant was not liable to get damages because the defendants act was regarded as malice and thus injunction was issued on the defendant. The noise caused did not cause annoyance to the neighbor.[16] Summary and Conclusion When read altogether and analyzed the effect of the rules laid down under the EPA and the case laws referred are as follows. Any person who does not abide by the rulings of the Court is guilty of an offence. The playing of loud music by the neighbors all night so the neighbors were liable to pay damages disturbed the client Mr. Dan. A compensatory damage is applied to the damage caused by the defendants nuisance. Punitive damages are charged when the damages caused is intentional. Research Trial Looked at The EPA at 40: An Historical Perspective By Andrews, Richard N. L Duke Environmental Law Policy Forum, Vol. 21, No. 2, Spring 2011 Found information laid down in Section 108 of the Environmental Protection Act, 1992. Westlaw Manupatra Hard copy readings Out of Bounds, out of Control: Regulatory Enforcement at the EPABy James V. DelongCato Institute, 2002 The EPA at 40: An Historical PerspectiveBy Andrews, Richard N. LDuke Environmental Law Policy Forum, Vol. 21, No. 2, Spring 2011 Public Policies for Environmental ProtectionBy Paul R. Portney; Robert N. StavinsResources for the Future, 2000 (2nd edition) Environmental Justice and the New Pluralism: The Challenge of Difference for EnvironmentalismBy David SchlosbergOxford University Press, 1999 Environmental Noise Pollution in the United States: Developing an Effective Public Health Response by-Monica S. Hammer, Tracy K. Swinburn, and Richard L. Neitzel Journals Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on healthby Stephen A Stansfeld ,Mark P Matheson Br Med Bull (2003) 68 (1): 243-257. Published01 December 2003 Civil legal Assistance- Social Issue Report.pdf Legal Databases Legal periodicals through IRLI legalperiodicals.org Court Services courts.ie Houses of the Oireachtas oireachtas.ie Europa europa.ie The Law Reform Commission www.lawreform.ie Irish current law statutes- Section 108 of the Environmental Protection Act 1992. Irish Reports Bishop, Charlotte. "Rule that proof of domestic violence for legal aid purposes must be less than 24 months old declared invalid."Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law38.3 (2016): 330-332. King, E. A., et al. "A combined assessment of air and noise pollution on the High Line, New York City."Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment42 (2016): 91-103. Books Angelo, Tony, Geoff McLay, and Bevan Marten. "Bill Atkin: Colleague, mentor, teacher, friend."Victoria University of Wellington Law Review46.3 (2015): 575. Austin, Graeme W. "Guts of a Torts Class, The."Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.46 (2015): 769. Bugliarello, George, Ariel Alexandre, and John Barnes.The Impact of Noise Pollution: A Socio-Technological Introduction. Elsevier, 2014. Can, Arnaud, Gwenal Guillaume, and Benot Gauvreau. "Noise indicators to diagnose urban sound environments at multiple spatial scales."Acta Acustica united with Acustica101.5 (2015): 964-974. Charles Palmer, Robert. "Common law environmental protection: the future of private nuisance, Part II."International Journal of Law in the Built Environment6.1/2 (2014): 106-128. Cornford, Tom.Towards a public law of tort. Routledge, 2016 Stech, Radoslaw. "Carrot and Stick Approach: An Analysis of the UK Government's Proposals on Environmental Judicial Review, A."Envtl. L. Rev.15 (2013): 139. Vago, Steven.Law and society. Routledge, 2015. Votsi, Nefta-Eleftheria P., Athanasios S. Kallimanis, and Ioannis D. Pantis. "An environmental index of noise and light pollution at EU by spatial correlation of quiet and unlit areas."Environmental Pollution(2016). References Angelo, Tony, Geoff McLay, and Bevan Marten. "Bill Atkin: Colleague, mentor, teacher, friend."Victoria University of Wellington Law Review46.3 (2015): 575. Austin, Graeme W. "Guts of a Torts Class, The."Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.46 (2015): 769. Bugliarello, George, Ariel Alexandre, and John Barnes.The Impact of Noise Pollution: A Socio-Technological Introduction. Elsevier, 2014. Can, Arnaud, Gwenal Guillaume, and Benot Gauvreau. "Noise indicators to diagnose urban sound environments at multiple spatial scales."Acta Acustica united with Acustica101.5 (2015): 964-974. Charles Palmer, Robert. "Common law environmental protection: the future of private nuisance, Part II."International Journal of Law in the Built Environment6.1/2 (2014): 106-128. Cornford, Tom.Towards a public law of tort. Routledge, 2016. Davis, Rickie. "Long-term noise exposures: A brief review."Hearing Research(2016). Gillespie, Alisdair.The English legal system. Oxford University Press, 2013. Lee, Maria. "The Intersection between Environmental Law and Tort Law."Glicksman and Paddock, Environmental Decision Making (Edward Elgar), Forthcoming(2015). Morrow, Karen. "II. 3 The courts, nuisance and environmental pollutiona matter of will?."Decision Making in Environmental Law(2016): 52. Murphy, Enda, and Eoin King.Environmental Noise Pollution: Noise Mapping, Public Health, and Policy. Newnes, 2014. Palmer, Robert Charles. "Common law environmental protection: the future of private nuisance, Part II."International Journal of Law in the Built Environment6.1/2 (2014): 106. Portney, Paul R., ed.Public policies for environmental protection. Routledge, 2016. Stech, Radoslaw. "Carrot and Stick Approach: An Analysis of the UK Government's Proposals on Environmental Judicial Review, A."Envtl. L. Rev.15 (2013): 139. Vago, Steven.Law and society. Routledge, 2015. Votsi, Nefta-Eleftheria P., Athanasios S. Kallimanis, and Ioannis D. Pantis. "An environmental index of noise and light pollution at EU by spatial correlation of quiet and unlit areas."Environmental Pollution(2016).